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Compare Montserrat (2003) - Indian Ocean (2006)

Compare Montserrat (2003) z Indian Ocean (2006)

 Montserrat (2003)Indian Ocean (2006)
 MontserratIndian Ocean
Administrative divisions 3 parishes; Saint Anthony, Saint Georges, Saint Peter -
Age structure 0-14 years: 23.4% (male 1,062; female 1,041)


15-64 years: 65.3% (male 2,805; female 3,066)


65 years and over: 11.4% (male 537; female 484) (2003 est.)		 -
Agriculture - products cabbages, carrots, cucumbers, tomatoes, onions, peppers; livestock products -
Airports none; only airport was destroyed by volcanic activity; a helicopter service to Antigua is used (2002) -
Area total: 102 sq km


land: 102 sq km


water: 0 sq km		 total: 68.556 million sq km


note: includes Andaman Sea, Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, Flores Sea, Great Australian Bight, Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, Java Sea, Mozambique Channel, Persian Gulf, Red Sea, Savu Sea, Strait of Malacca, Timor Sea, and other tributary water bodies
Area - comparative about 0.6 times the size of Washington, DC about 5.5 times the size of the US
Background Much of this island has been devastated and two-thirds of the population has fled abroad due to the eruption of the Soufriere Hills Volcano that began on 18 July 1995. The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean, but larger than the Southern Ocean and Arctic Ocean). Four critically important access waterways are the Suez Canal (Egypt), Bab el Mandeb (Djibouti-Yemen), Strait of Hormuz (Iran-Oman), and Strait of Malacca (Indonesia-Malaysia). The decision by the International Hydrographic Organization in the spring of 2000 to delimit a fifth ocean, the Southern Ocean, removed the portion of the Indian Ocean south of 60 degrees south latitude.
Birth rate 17.57 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) -
Budget revenues: $31.4 million


expenditures: $31.6 million, including capital expenditures of $8.4 million (1997 est.)		 -
Capital Plymouth (abandoned in 1997 due to volcanic activity; interim government buildings have been built at Brades Estate, in the Carr's Bay/Little Bay vicinity at the northwest end of Montserrat) -
Climate tropical; little daily or seasonal temperature variation northeast monsoon (December to April), southwest monsoon (June to October); tropical cyclones occur during May/June and October/November in the northern Indian Ocean and January/February in the southern Indian Ocean
Coastline 40 km 66,526 km
Constitution present constitution came into force 19 December 1989 -
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Montserrat		 -
Currency East Caribbean dollar (XCD) -
Death rate 7.34 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) -
Debt - external $8.9 million (1997) -
Dependency status overseas territory of the UK -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (overseas territory of the UK) -
Diplomatic representation in the US none (overseas territory of the UK) -
Disputes - international none some maritime disputes (see littoral states)
Economic aid - recipient Country Policy Plan (2001) is a three-year program for spending $122.8 million in British budgetary assistance -
Economy - overview Severe volcanic activity, which began in July 1995, has put a damper on this small, open economy. A catastrophic eruption in June 1997 closed the airports and seaports, causing further economic and social dislocation. Two-thirds of the 12,000 inhabitants fled the island. Some began to return in 1998, but lack of housing limited the number. The agriculture sector continued to be affected by the lack of suitable land for farming and the destruction of crops. Prospects for the economy depend largely on developments in relation to the volcano and on public sector construction activity. The UK has launched a three-year $122.8 million aid program to help reconstruct the economy. Half of the island is expected to remain uninhabitable for another decade. The Indian Ocean provides major sea routes connecting the Middle East, Africa, and East Asia with Europe and the Americas. It carries a particularly heavy traffic of petroleum and petroleum products from the oilfields of the Persian Gulf and Indonesia. Its fish are of great and growing importance to the bordering countries for domestic consumption and export. Fishing fleets from Russia, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan also exploit the Indian Ocean, mainly for shrimp and tuna. Large reserves of hydrocarbons are being tapped in the offshore areas of Saudi Arabia, Iran, India, and western Australia. An estimated 40% of the world's offshore oil production comes from the Indian Ocean. Beach sands rich in heavy minerals and offshore placer deposits are actively exploited by bordering countries, particularly India, South Africa, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and Thailand.
Electricity - consumption 2.325 million kWh (2001) -
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2001) -
Electricity - production 2.5 million kWh (2001) -
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2001)		 -
Elevation extremes lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m


highest point: Chances Peak (in the Soufriere Hills volcanic complex) 914 m		 lowest point: Java Trench -7,258 m


highest point: sea level 0 m
Environment - current issues land erosion occurs on slopes that have been cleared for cultivation endangered marine species include the dugong, seals, turtles, and whales; oil pollution in the Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea
Ethnic groups black, white -
Exchange rates East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7000 (fixed rate since 1976) -
Executive branch chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Anthony LONGRIGG (since NA May 2001)


head of government: Chief Minister John OSBORNE (since 5 April 2001)


cabinet: Executive Council consists of the governor, the chief minister, three other ministers, the attorney general, and the finance secretary


elections: the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party usually becomes chief minister		 -
Exports NA (2001) -
Exports - commodities electronic components, plastic bags, apparel, hot peppers, live plants, cattle -
Exports - partners US, Antigua and Barbuda -
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March -
Flag description blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Montserratian coat of arms centered in the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms features a woman standing beside a yellow harp with her arm around a black cross -
GDP purchasing power parity - $29 million (2002 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 5.4%


industry: 13.6%


services: 81% (1996 est.)		 -
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $3,400 (2002 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate -1% (2002 est.) -
Geographic coordinates 16 45 N, 62 12 W 20 00 S, 80 00 E
Geography - note the island is entirely volcanic in origin and contains seven active volcanoes major chokepoints include Bab el Mandeb, Strait of Hormuz, Strait of Malacca, southern access to the Suez Canal, and the Lombok Strait
Highways total: 227 km


paved: NA km


unpaved: NA km


note: volcanic eruptions beginning in 1995 destroyed most of the road system (2003)		 -
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%		 -
Illicit drugs transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe -
Imports NA (2001) -
Imports - commodities machinery and transportation equipment, foodstuffs, manufactured goods, fuels, lubricants, and related materials -
Imports - partners US, UK, Trinidad and Tobago, Japan, Canada -
Independence none (overseas territory of the UK) -
Industrial production growth rate NA% -
Industries tourism, rum, textiles, electronic appliances -
Infant mortality rate total: 7.77 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 9.05 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 6.43 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)		 -
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2.6% (2002 est.) -
International organization participation Caricom, CDB, ECLAC (associate), ICFTU, Interpol (subbureau), OECS -
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 17 (2000) -
Irrigated land NA sq km -
Judicial branch Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based in Saint Lucia, one judge of the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands and presides over the High Court) -
Labor force 4,521 ; note - lowered by flight of people from volcanic activity -
Labor force - by occupation agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA% -
Land boundaries 0 km -
Land use arable land: 20%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 80% (1998 est.)		 -
Languages English -
Legal system English common law and statutory law -
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Council (11 seats, 9 popularly elected; members serve five-year terms)


note: expanded in 2001 from 7 to 9 elected members with attorney general and financial secretary sitting as ex-officio members


elections: last held NA April 2001 (next to be held by November 2006)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPLM 7, NPP 2


note: in 2001, the Elections Commission instituted a single constituency/voter-at-large system whereby all eligible voters cast ballots for all nine seats of the Legislative Council		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population: 78.36 years


male: 76.24 years


female: 80.59 years (2003 est.)		 -
Literacy definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school


total population: 97%


male: 97%


female: 97% (1970 est.)		 -
Location Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, southeast of Puerto Rico body of water between Africa, the Southern Ocean, Asia, and Australia
Map references Central America and the Caribbean Political Map of the World
Maritime claims exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 3 NM		 -
Merchant marine none (2002 est.) -
Military - note defense is the responsibility of the UK -
Military branches no regular indigenous military forces; Police Force -
National holiday Birthday of Queen ELIZABETH II, second Saturday in June (1926) -
Nationality noun: Montserratian(s)


adjective: Montserratian		 -
Natural hazards severe hurricanes (June to November); volcanic eruptions (Soufriere Hills volcano has erupted continuously since 1996) occasional icebergs pose navigational hazard in southern reaches
Natural resources NEGL oil and gas fields, fish, shrimp, sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules
Net migration rate 34.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) -
Political parties and leaders National Progressive Party or NPP [Reuben T. MEADE]; New People's Liberation Movement or NPLM [John A. OSBORNE] -
Political pressure groups and leaders NA -
Population 8,995


note: an estimated 8,000 refugees left the island following the resumption of volcanic activity in July 1995; some have returned (July 2003 est.)		 -
Population below poverty line NA% -
Population growth rate 4.5% (2003 est.) -
Ports and harbors Plymouth (abandoned), Little Bay (anchorages and ferry landing), Carr's Bay -
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998) -
Railways 0 km -
Religions Anglican, Methodist, Roman Catholic, Pentecostal, Seventh-Day Adventist, other Christian denominations -
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 1.11 male(s)/female


total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2003 est.)		 -
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal -
Telephone system general assessment: NA


domestic: NA


international: NA		 -
Telephones - main lines in use 4,000 (1997) -
Telephones - mobile cellular 70 (1994) -
Television broadcast stations 1 (1997) -
Terrain volcanic island, mostly mountainous, with small coastal lowland surface dominated by counterclockwise gyre (broad, circular system of currents) in the southern Indian Ocean; unique reversal of surface currents in the northern Indian Ocean; low atmospheric pressure over southwest Asia from hot, rising, summer air results in the southwest monsoon and southwest-to-northeast winds and currents, while high pressure over northern Asia from cold, falling, winter air results in the northeast monsoon and northeast-to-southwest winds and currents; ocean floor is dominated by the Mid-Indian Ocean Ridge and subdivided by the Southeast Indian Ocean Ridge, Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge, and Ninetyeast Ridge
Total fertility rate 1.8 children born/woman (2003 est.) -
Unemployment rate 6% (1998 est.) -
Waterways none -
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